What is the FMS Standard?
At the turn of the 21st century, GPS-based vehicle tracking systems were becoming more affordable, yet they still lacked the capability to provide vehicle-related technical information. In a significant industry development, six leading truck manufacturers (Volvo, Scania, Iveco, MAN, DAF, Mercedes-Benz) joined forces in 2002 to create a standardized vehicle interface for these GPS-based tracking systems. This collaborative effort resulted in the birth of the FMS standard.
FMS Standard lower layer protocols:
- Application layer – SAE J1939/71
- Data link layer – SAE J1939/21
- Physical layer – ISO 11898-2 High-speed CAN, 250 kbit/s bus speed
- Physical connectors – Not standardized
FMS Standard 1.0 (Initial standard issued in 2002)
Bus FMS standard (Ver. 00.01 issued in 2007, the specialized standard for buses and coaches, including specific signals like door openings, etc. Since then, the original “FMS Standard 1.0” was also referred to as “Truck FMS Standard”)
FMS Standard 2.0 (extended standard issued in 2010. This standard took over some signals from the Bus FMS Standard, but FMS Standard 2.0 was still handled separately for Trucks.)
FMS Standard 3.0 harmonized the Bus and Truck standard (issued in 2012). From now on, there will be only FMS Standard 3.0, but there will be separate sections inside for buses and trucks.
The development of the FMS standard continues to progress under the auspices of the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA). The dedicated working group, known as the “Heavy Truck Electronic Interface Group,” regularly convenes to address the evolving needs of the FMS standard, demonstrating a steadfast commitment to its ongoing improvement and relevance in the industry.
Common Parameters for Truck & Bus FMS Standard
The following represents a list of supported parameters shared by the Truck FMS Standard and the Bus FMS Standard:
- Wheel Based Speed
- Clutch switch
- Brake switch
- Cruise control active
- Accelerator pedal position
- Total fuel used
- Fuel Level
- Engine speed
- Total Engine Hours
- Vehicle Identification Number
- SW-Version supported
- Requests supported
- Diagnostics supported
- High resolution Total vehicle distance
- Drive recognize
- Driver 1 working state
- Driver 1 time related states
- Driver 1 card
- Driver 2 working state
- Driver 2 time related states
- Driver 2 card
- Tachograph vehicle speed
- Direction indicator
- Tachograph performance
- Overspeed
- Handling information
- System event
- Engine coolant Temperature
- Ambient Air Temperature
- Driver 1 identification
- Driver 2 identification
- Fuel Rate
- Instantaneous Fuel Economy
Simulating FMS Parameters
All the parameters mentioned above are represented by PGNs (Parameter Group Numbers) defined in the SAE J1939-71 Standard. In the following, I will focus on a subset and demonstrate how to create a simulation of these FMS parameters.
For this purpose, I am using our SAE J1939 ECU Simulator With USB Port, connected to a Windows PC, which, in turn runs our JCOM1939 Monitor, an SAE J1939 Monitoring, Analyzer and ECU Simulation software.
The JCOM.J1939.USB gateway board is a device that allows you to monitor and communicate with SAE J1939 vehicle networks. It is a high-performance and low-latency adapter that can be connected to any host device with a USB COM port.
The board supports the complete SAE J1939 protocol in accordance with J1939/81 Network Management (Address Claiming) and J1939/21 Transport Protocol (TP).
The JCOM1939 Monitor Software is the ideal tool for monitoring, analyzing, and simulating SAE J1939 data traffic. This system is composed of the JCOM.J1939.USB, which acts as an SAE J1939 to USB (or UART) gateway, and comprehensive and user-friendly Windows software that displays SAE J1939 data traffic, scans the network, simulates an ECU (including full node address negotiation capabilities), and responds to data request messages.
For the purpose of a comprehensive demonstration, I have picked the following PGNs:
- Accelerator Pedal Position – PGN 61443, SPN 91
- Engine Speed – PGN 61444, SPN 190
- Ambient Air Temperature – PGN 65269, SPN 171
Note: The combination of ECU Simulator and PC software is also able to simulate the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), which is only available per request.
In a first step, after triggering the Address Claim procedure, I edited the PGN for Engine Speed:
Admittedly, the data as entered was chosen randomly, and I entered only the bytes for the simulated engine speed.
The full setup looks like this:
Note: As per the SAE J1939-71 Standard, PGN 61443 – EEC2 is transmitted with a 50-millisecond interval. However, for the purpose of demonstration, I have edited it to 500 milliseconds to display the data more smoothly. Please note that the device is entirely capable of handling the 50-millisecond interval.
All J1939 data is being transferred to the vehicle bus by means of our ECU Simulator. And, naturally, the software also allows filtering and displaying of PGNs received from the bus. For more information about the software see: JCOM1939 Monitor, an SAE J1939 Monitoring, Analyzer and ECU Simulation software.
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